This is the most basic construction of the passive sentence. The active equivalent is XはYをVます. Y, the direct object(i.e.,the receiver of the action) of the active construction, is presented as the subject in the passive construction. X is the agent, or someone who performs the action, and Y is the one who receives the action.
Mana was scolded by his teacher.
The teacher scolded Mana.
5だんどうし / consonant-root verbs / -u verbs | |||
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1だんどうし / vowel-root verbs / -ru verbs | |||
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ふきそくどうし / irregular verbs | |||
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Note that the passive form is the same as the potential form(Lesson 16-1) for vowel-root verbs(1だんどうし) and 来る(come).
All verbs in the passive form conjugate as vowel-root verb, or 1だんどうし.
はなされます はなされる はなされない はなされた |
みられます みられる みられない みられた |
こられます こられる こられない こられた |
わたしは先生に ほめられました。
I was praised by my teacher.
あの先生は学生たちに そんけいされています。
That teacher is respected by his/her students.
The action represented by the verb しょうかいする(introduce) involves three people, therefore two different passive sentences can be formed from the sentence Aさんは Bさんを Cさんに しょうかいしました(Mr./Ms. A introduced Mr./Ms. B to Mr./Ms. C).
I was introduced to Mr./Mrs. C by Mr./Ms. A.
I was introduced to Mr./Ms. B by Mr./Ms. A.